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Oxygen [O] – Element Details, History, Atomic Structure, Facts, Properties, Electronic Configuration, Atomic Spectrum, Uses

Oxygen Symbol

Oxygen

Element 8 of Periodic table is Oxygen with atomic number 8, atomic weight 15.9994. Oxygen, symbol O, has a Base Centered Monoclinic structure and Colorless color. Oxygen is a other nonmetal element. Trivial name of Oxygen is chalcogens*. Know everything about Oxygen Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure

oxygen-elements

History of Oxygen

The element Nitrogen was discovered by Daniel Rutherford in year 1772 in United Kingdom . Nitrogen derived its name from the Greek word nitron and ‘-gen’ meaning ‘niter-forming’

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas. Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.

How to Locate Oxygen on Periodic Table

Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 7 to find Nitrogen on periodic table.

Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Nitrogen on periodic table look for cross section of group 15 and period 2 in the modern periodic table.

Oxygen Facts

Name
Oxygen
Atomic Symbol
O
Atomic Number
8
Atomic Weight
15.9994
Phase
Gas
Colour
Colorless
Classification
other nonmetal
Group in Periodic Table
16
Group Name
oxygen family
Period in Periodic Table
2
Block in Periodic Table
p-block
Electronic Configuration
[He] 2s2 2p4
Melting Point
-218.3 °C
Boiling Point
-195.79 °C
Electronic Shell Structure
[2, 6]
CAS Number
CAS7782-44-7

Oxygen Atomic Structure and Orbital Properties

Nitrogen atoms have 7 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 5] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 4S3/2.

oxygen structure
oxygen isotopes

Element Properties

Atomic Number
8
Number of Protons
8
Mass Number
16
Number of Neutrons
8
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)
[2 6]
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2 2p4
Valence Electrons
2s2 2p4
Oxidation State
-2;-1 1;2
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)
4S2

Atomic Structure of Oxygen

Atomic Radius
48 pm (0.48 Å)
Atomic Volume
11.19622113373
Covalent Radius
73 pm (0.73 Å)
Van der Waals Radius
152 pm
Neutron Cross Section
0.00028 σa/barns

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Oxygen - neutral Oxygen atom

The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Nitrogen atom is [He] 2s2 2p3. The portion of Nitrogen configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [He]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 2s2 2p3, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Nitrogen

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Nitrogen atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p3

Atomic Spectrum of Oxygen

Oxygen Atomic Spectrum

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

CAS Number
CAS7782-44-7
RTECS Number
RTECSRS2060000
DOT Hazard Class
2.2
DOT Numbers
1073
NFPA Health Rating
Oxidizing Agent

Oxygen Chemical Properties: Nitrogen Ionization Energies and electron affinity

Valence
2
ElectronAffinity
141 kJ/mol
Electronegativity
3.44

Use of Oxygen

Nitrogen is very useful to the chemical industry. It is used to produce Fertilizers, Nitric acid, Nylon, Dyes and Explosives. To make these products, nitrogen must first be reacted with hydrogen to produce ammonia.