- Copper
- History of Copper
- How to Locate Copper on Periodic Table
- Copper Facts
- Copper Atomic Structure and Orbital Properties
- Element Properties
- Atomic Structure of Copper
- Crystal Structure of Copper
- Ground State Electronic Configuration of Copper- neutral Copper atom
- Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
- Copper Chemical Properties : Copper Ionization Energies and electron affinity
- Copper Physical & Elastic Properties
- Copper Electrical Properties
- Copper Magnetic Properties
- Copper Thermal Properties
- Use of Copper
Copper[Cu] – Element Details, History, Atomic Structure, Facts, Properties, Electronic Configuration, Atomic Spectrum, Uses.
Copper
27th element of Periodic table is Copper with atomic number 29, symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.546. Copper is a Transition Metal element. Copper is a Face Centered Cubic structure and Copper color.
History of Copper
The element Copper was discovered in year 9000 BCE in Middle East. Copper was first isolated by Anatolia in 6000 BCE. The name Copper derived from English word (Latin cuprum).
How to Locate Copper on Periodic Table
Elements are arranged according to atomic number on periodic table. It starts with 1 from top left and ends at bottom right with atomic number 118. The position of Copper is 29th element and group 11 on the periodic table.Â
Copper Facts
Copper Atomic Structure and Orbital Properties
Copper atoms have 29 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 1] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 2S1/2.
Element Properties
Atomic Structure of Copper
Crystal Structure of Copper
The solid state structure of Copper is Face Centered Cubic.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a[361.49 pm], b[361.49 pm] and c[361.49 pm]) and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha[π/2], beta[π/2] and gamma[π/2])
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
Fm_ 3m
225
Face Centered Cubic
4
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Copper- neutral Copper atom
Abbreviated electronic configuration of Copper
The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Copper atom is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. The portion of Copper configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Ar]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 3d10 4s1, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Copper
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Copper atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.
- As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…
- The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.
- Hund’s rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Copper Chemical Properties : Copper Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Copper Physical & Elastic Properties
Copper Electrical Properties
Copper Magnetic Properties
Copper Thermal Properties
Use of Copper
Copper is basically used in electrical equipments like wiring and motors. It is also used in construction like roofing and plumbing and industrial machinery.